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Not all home care providers offer all the different types of home care services. This short guide will provide an overview of the different types of home care. Care is customized to your individual needs and may include services from one or more of the types described. Contacting a provider to discuss your needs can help determine what care is best for you.

While the multiple types of home care may serve different needs, they share a common goal: to enable happier, more independent living for the people receiving care, and to provide support and peace of mind for their families.

• Personal Care and Companionship services may include:
• Assistance with self-care, such as grooming, bathing, dressing, and using the toilet
• Enabling safety at home assisting with ambulation, transfer (eg, from bed to wheelchair, wheelchair to toilet), and fall prevention
• Assistance with meal planning and preparation, light housekeeping, laundry, errands, medication reminders, and escorting to appointments
• Companionship and engaging in hobbies and activities
• Supervision for someone with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease
• Private Duty Nursing Care services may include:
• Care for diseases and conditions such as Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Spinal cord injury (SCI), ALS, MS
• Ventilator care
• Tracheostomy care
• Monitoring vital signs
• Administering medications
• Ostomy/gastrostomy care
• Feeding tube care
• Catheter care
• Home Health Care services may include:
• Short-term nursing services
• Physical therapy
• Occupational therapy
• Speech language pathology
• Medical social work
• Home health aide services

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Whether you arrange for home health care through an agency or hire an independent aide, it helps to spend time preparing the person who will provide care. Ideally, you will spend a day with the caregiver, before the job formally begins, to discuss what is involved in the daily routine. At a minimum, inform the caregiver (verbally and in writing) of the following things that he or she should know.

• Health conditions, including illnesses and injuries
• Signs of an emergency medical situation
• General likes and dislikes
• Medication, including how and when each must be taken
• Need for dentures, eyeglasses, canes, walkers, hearing aids, etc.
• Possible behavior problems and how best to handle them
• Mobility issues (trouble walking, getting into or out of a wheelchair, etc.)
• Allergies, special diets, or other nutritional needs
• Therapeutic exercises with detailed instructions